Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells become less responsive to the hormone insulin, which is essential for regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels and overall energy metabolism. In insulin resistance, the cells, primarily muscle, fat, and liver cells, do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to impaired glucose uptake and utilization.
As a result, the pancreas tries to compensate by producing more insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Over time, this increased demand on the pancreas can lead to the exhaustion of insulin-producing beta cells, and blood glucose levels may rise, potentially leading to the development of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance is often associated with obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors. It is also a key component of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess abdominal fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels, which together increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Managing insulin resistance involves making lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and following a balanced diet. Early detection and intervention can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and related health complications.
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